The Chrysalids, by John Wyndham :: essays research papers

The Chrysalids, by John Wyndham Background: John Wyndham, born in 1903, tried more than four careers before starting to write short stories in 1925. The Chrysalids was written in 1955. Outline of the Book: Thousands of years after our time, the world faced something known as Tribulation, when civilization was almost completely wiped out and had to be started over, with new rules and laws. Humans beings born as â€Å"deviants†, missing an attribute that normal humans would have, is considered a blasphemy towards God. David, a young man whose father is in charge of seeking out deviants in his community, discovered that he, along with a few other young adults, can communicate to one another through their minds and what they call â€Å"thought shapes†. For a long while they’ve hidden their secret talents, but as rules get tighter and tighter they know it’s only a matter of time until they’re discovered. Theme(s): tolerance, religion Criticisms (Unfavourable): Near the end of the book the dialogue becomes more rhetorical than the rest of the book. This isn’t really a problem, but can become slightly confusing at times. The best option would be to read this part slowly and carefully in order to understand what the message is. Criticisms (Favourable): Very original, intelligent plot. Well-written characters that aren’t two dimensional and who make human decisions (David’s father, who may seem like a cruel man but who is really just doing what he was brought up to believe is right). Comparison: â€Å"The House of the Scorpion†, â€Å"The Stepford Wives† (book) These two books also deal with people who are not as â€Å"real† as typical human beings, such as robots or clones Quotations: â€Å"Clearly there must be a mistake somewhere. Surely having one very small toe extra—well, two very small toes, because I supposed there would be one to match on the other foot—surely that couldn’t be enough to make her ‘hateful in the sigh of God†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢?

Talambuhay Ni Jose P Laurel

1. If you push for an hour against a stationary wall, you do no work A) on the wall. B) at all. C) both of these D) none of these 1. If you push an object twice as far while applying the same force you do E) twice as much work. F) four times as much work. G) the same amount of work. 2. If you push an object just as far while applying twice the force you do H) twice as much work. I) four times as much work. J) the same amount of work. 3. If you push an object with twice the work input for twice the time, your power input is K) twice. L) four times as much. M) the same amount as for half the work in half the time.4. A job is done slowly, while an identical job is done quickly. Both jobs require the same amount of work, but different amounts of N) energy. B) power. C) both of these. D) none of these.5. If you do work on an object in half the usual time, your power output is O) half the usual power output. P) the usual power output. Q) twice the usual power output.6. Exert 1 N for a distance of 1 m in 1 s and you deliver a power of R) 1 W. S) 2 W. T) 1/3 W. U) 3 W. V) none of these.7. Do 100 J of work in 50 s and your power output is W) 1/4 W. X) 1/2 W. Y) 2 W. Z) 4 W. [) more than 4 W.8. When an object is raised above the ground it gains a certain amount of potential energy. If the same object is raised twice as high it gains ) four times as much potential energy. ]) twice as much potential energy. ^) neither of the se.9. When an object is lifted 10 meters, it gains a certain amount of potential energy. If the same object is lifted 20 meters, its potential energy gain is _) less. `) the same. a) twice as much. b) four times as much. c) more than 4 times as much.10. A 1000-kg car and a 2000-kg car are hoisted the same distance in a gas station. Raising the more massive car requires d) less work. e) as much work. f) twice as much work. g) four times as much work. h) more than 4 times as much work.11. An object that has kinetic energy must be i) moving. j) falling. k) at an elevated position. l) at rest. m) none of these.12. An object that has potential energy may have this energy because of its n) speed. o) acceleration. p) momentum. q) location. r) none of these.13. Bullets are fired from an airplane in the forward direction of motion. The momentum of the airplane will be s) decreased. B) unchanged. C) increased.14. A clerk can lift containers a vertical distance of 1 meter or can roll them up a 2 meter-long ramp to the same elevation. With the ramp, the applied force required is about t) half as much. B) twice as much. C) the same.15. A bow is drawn so that it has 40 J of potential energy. When fired, the arrow will ideally have a kinetic energy of u) less than 40 J. B) more than 40 J. C) 40 J.16. No work is done by gravity on a bowling ball that rolls along a bowling alley because v) no force acts on the ball. w) no distance is covered by the ball. ) the force on the ball is at right angles to the ball's motion. y) no potential energy is being converted to kinetic energy. z) its kinetic energy remains constant.17. Which requires more work: lifting a 50-kg sack vertically 2 meters or lifting a 25-kg sack vertically 4 meters? {) lifting the 50-kg sack |) lifting the 25-kg sack }) Both require the same amount of work.18. A 50-kg sack is lifted 2 meters in the same time as a 25-kg sack is lifted 4 meters. The power expended in raising the 50-kg sack compared to the power use d to lift the 25-kg sack is ~) twice as much. B) half as much. C) the same.19. A TV set is pushed a distance of 2 m with a force of 20 N that is in the same direction as the set moves. How much work is done on the set? Ð ) 2 J B) 10 J C) 20 J D) 40 J E) 80 J20. It takes 40 J to push a large box 4 m across a floor. Assuming the push is in the same direction as the move, what is the magnitude of the force on the box? ) 4 N ) 10 N ) 40 N ) 160 N ) none of these21. A 2-kg mass is held 4 m above the ground. What is the approximate potential energy of the mass with respect to the ground? ) 20 J ) 40 J ) 60 J ) 80 J none of these.22. A 2-kg mass has 40 J of potential energy with respect to the ground. Approximately how far is it located above the ground? ) 1 m ) 2 m ) 3 m ) 4 m ) none of these23. A heavy pile driver starting from rest falls on a pile with a force that depends on ) the original height of the driver. ) the original potential energy of the driver. ) the distance the pile i s moved. ) all of these. ) none of these.24. Using 1000 J of work, a toy elevator is raised from the ground floor to the second floor in 20 seconds. How much power does the elevator use? 20 W B) 50 W C) 100 W D) 1000 W E) 20,000 W25. One end of a long, uniform log is raised to shoulder level. Another identical log is raised at its center to the same level. Raising the second log requires about ) the same amount of work. ) twice as much work. ) more than twice as much work.26. Two identical arrows, one with twice the kinetic energy of the other, are fired into a hay bale. The faster arrow will penetrate ) the same distance as the slower arrow. ) twice as far as the slower arrow. ) four times as far as the slower arrow. more than four times as far as the slower arrow. ) none of these.27. A car moves 4 times as fast as another identical car. Compared to the slower car, the faster car has ) 4 times the KE. B) 8 times the KE. ) 12 times the KE. D) 16 times the KE.28. A ball is projected into the air with 100 J of kinetic energy which is transformed to gravitational potential energy at the top of its trajectory. When it returns to its original level after encountering air resistance, its kinetic energy is ) less than 100 J. B) more than 100 J. ) 100 J. D) not enough information given.29. Strictly speaking, if any electrical device in your car is turned on (such as an air conditioner, headlights, or even a radio) more gasoline is burned by the engine. This statement is ) totally false. ) true only if the car's engine is running. ) true only if the car's engine is stopped. ) almost always true. ) none of these.30. A machine puts out 100 Watts of power for every 1000 Watts put into it. The efficiency of the machine is ) 10%. ) 50%. ) 90%. ) 110%. ) none of these.31. An ungloved fist will do more damage to a jaw than a gloved fist.The reason for this is that the ungloved fist ) delivers a larger impulse to the jaw. B) exerts a larger force on the jaw. ) has less air res istance on it. D) none of these.32. A woman lifts a box from the floor. She then moves with constant speed to the other side of the room, where she puts the box down. How much work does she do on the box while walking across the floor at constant speed? ) zero J ) more than zero J ) more information needed to determine33. Two pool balls, each moving at 2 m/s, roll toward each other and collide. Suppose after bouncing apart, each moves at 4 m/s. This collision violates conservation of ) momentum. B) kinetic energy. C) both of these. D) none of these.34. Compared to a recoiling rifle, the bullet fired has a greater ) momentum. B) kinetic energy. C) none of these. D) both of these.35. A bullet has more kinetic energy than the recoiling rifle from which it is fired is because the force on the bullet acts over a longer ) time. B) distance. ) both of these. D) neither of these.36. An open freight car rolls friction free along a horizontal track in a pouring rain that falls vertically.As w ater accumulates in the car, the car's speed ) increases. B) decreases. C) doesn't change.37. A car has a head-on collision with another car with the same magnitude of momentum. An identical car driving with the same speed as the first car runs into an enormously massive wall. The greater impulse will occur on the car that is in the collision with the ) approaching car. ) the wall. ) both impulses will be the same.38. A popular swinging-balls apparatus (shown below) consists of an aligned row of identical elastic balls suspended by strings so that the balls barely touch each other.When two balls are lifted from one end and released, they strike the row and two balls pop out from the other end.39. Figure 7-D40. If instead one ball popped out with twice the velocity of the two, this would be a violation of conservation of ) momentum. B) energy. C) both of these. D) none of these.41. If instead one ball popped out with kinetic energy equal to the combined kinetic energy of the two, thi s would be a violation of conservation of ) momentum. B) energy. ) both of these. D) neither of these.42. A golf ball is thrown at and bounces backward from a massive bowling ball that is initially at rest.After the collision, compared to the golf ball, the bowling ball has more ) momentum, but less kinetic energy. ) kinetic energy, but less momentum. ) momentum and more kinetic energy. ) but it has less momentum and less kinetic energy. ) not enough information is given to say.43. A piece of taffy slams into and sticks to another identical piece of taffy that is at rest. The momentum of the two pieces stuck together after the collision is the same as it was before the collision, but this is not true of the kinetic energy, which is partly turned into heat. What percentage of the kinetic energy is turned into heat? 0% ) 25% ) 50% ) 75% ) not enough information given44. Two identical freight cars roll without friction (one at 1 m/s, the other at 2 m/s) toward one another on a level tr ack. They collide, couple together, and roll away in the direction that ) the slower car was initially going. ) the faster car was initially going. ) neither of these — they stop.45. Two 5000-kg freight cars roll without friction (one at 1 m/s, the other at 2 m/s) toward one another on a level track. They collide, couple, and roll away together with a combined momentum of ) zero. ) B) 5000 kg m/s. ) C) 10,000 kg m/s. D) 15,000 kg m/s.46. Which requires the most amount of work on the brakes of a car? ) slowing down from 100 km/h to 70 km/h ) slowing down from 70 km/h to a stop ) equal amounts for either47. A car that travels twice as fast as another when braking to a stop will skid ) twice as far. ) four times as far. ) depends on the mass of the cars.48. Two identical arrows, one with twice the speed of the other, are fired into a hay bale. The faster arrow will penetrate ) the same distance as the slower arrow. ) twice as far as the slower arrow. ) four times as far as the s lower arrow. more than four times as far as the slower arrow. ) none of these.49. A person on the edge of a roof throws a ball downward. It strikes the ground with 100 J of kinetic energy. The person throws another identical ball upward with the same initial speed, and this too falls to the ground. Neglecting air resistance, the second ball hits the ground with a kinetic energy of ) 100 J. ) 200 J. ) less than 100 J. ) more than 200 J. ) none of these.Answer Keys : 1) Answer: A 2) Answer: A 3) Answer: A 4) Answer: C 5) Answer: B 6) Answer: C 7) Answer: A 8) Answer: C 9) Answer: B 10) Answer: C 11) Answer: C 2) Answer: A 13) Answer: D 14) Answer: A 15) Answer: A 16) Answer: C 17) Answer: C 18) Answer: C 19) Answer: C 20) Answer: D 21) Answer: B 22) Answer: D 23) Answer: B 24) Answer: D 25) Answer: B 26) Answer: B 27) Answer: B 28) Answer: D 29) Answer: A 30) Answer: D 31) Answer: A 32) Answer: B 33) Answer: A 34) Answer: B 35) Answer: B 36) Answer: B 37) Answer: B 38) Answer: C 39) A nswer: B 40) Answer: A 41) Answer: B 42) Answer: A 43) Answer: C 44) Answer: C 45) Answer: B 46) Answer: C 47) Answer: A 48) Answer: B 49) Answer: B 50) Answer: A

Biography of Toussaint Louverture, Haitian Rebel Leader

Franà §ois-Dominique Toussaint Louverture (May 20, 1743–April 7, 1803) led the only victorious  slave revolt in modern history, resulting in Haitis independence in 1804. Toussaint emancipated the slaves and negotiated for Haiti, then called Saint-Domingue, to be governed briefly by black former slaves as a French protectorate. Institutional racism, political corruption, poverty, and natural disasters have left Haiti in crisis for many of the succeeding years, but Toussaint remains a hero to Haitians and others throughout the African diaspora. Fast Facts: Franà §ois-Dominique Toussaint Louverture Known For: Led a successful slave rebellion in HaitiAlso Known As: Franà §ois-Dominique Toussaint, Toussaint LOuverture,  Toussaint Brà ©da, Napolà ©on Noir, Black SpartacusBorn: May 20, 1743 on the Breda plantation near Cap-Franà §ais, Saint-Domingue (now Haiti)Father: Hippolyte, or Gaou GuinouDied: April 7, 1803 at Fort-de-Joux, FranceSpouse: Suzanne Simone BaptisteChildren: Isaac, Saint-Jean, multiple illegitimate childrenNotable Quote: We are free today because we are the stronger; we will be slaves again when the government becomes the stronger. Early Years Little is known about Franà §ois-Dominique Toussaint  Louverture before his role in the Haitian Revolution.  According to Philippe Girards Toussaint Louverture:  A Revolutionary Life, his  family came from the  Allada kingdom of West Africa. His father Hippolyte, or Gaou Guinou, was an aristocrat, but around  1740, the  Dahomey Empire, another West African  kingdom in what is now Benin,  captured his family and sold them as slaves. Hippolyte was sold  for 300 pounds of cowrie shells. His family now  owned by European colonists in the New World, Toussaint was born on May 20, 1743, on the Breda plantation near Cap-Franà §ais, Saint-Domingue (now Haiti), a French territory. Toussaints gifts with horses and mules impressed his overseer,  Bayon de Libertat, and he was trained in veterinary medicine, soon becoming the plantation’s chief steward. Toussaint was fortunate to be owned by somewhat enlightened masters who allowed him to learn reading and writing. He read the classics and political philosophers and became devoted to Catholicism. Toussaint was freed in 1776 when he was around 33 but continued to work for his former owner. The next year he married Suzanne Simone Baptiste, who was born in Agen, France. She is believed to have been his godfathers daughter but may have been his cousin. They had two sons, Issac and Saint-Jean, and each had children from other relationships. Contradictory Personal Traits Biographers describe Toussaint as full of contradictions. He ultimately led a slave insurrection but didnt take part in smaller revolts in Haiti prior to the revolution. He was a Freemason who  practiced Catholicism devoutly but also secretly engaged in voodoo. His Catholicism might have factored into his decision  not to participate in voodoo-inspired insurrections in Haiti before the revolution. After Toussaint was granted freedom, he owned slaves himself. Some historians have criticized him for this, but he may have owned slaves to free his family members from bondage. As the New Republic explains, freeing slaves required money, and money required slaves. Touissant remained a victim of the same exploitative system hed joined to free his family. But as he returned to the  Brà ©da plantation, abolitionists began gaining ground, convincing King Louis the XVI to give slaves the right to appeal if their overlords subjected them to brutality. Before the Revolution Before the slaves rose in revolt, Haiti was one of the most profitable slave colonies in the world. About 500,000 slaves worked on its sugar and coffee plantations, which produced a significant percentage of the worlds crops. The colonists had a reputation for being cruel and engaging in  debauchery.  The planter Jean-Baptiste de Caradeux, for example, is said to have  entertained guests by letting them shoot oranges off the tops of slaves heads. Prostitution was reportedly rampant on the island. Rebellion After widespread discontent, slaves mobilized for liberty in November  1791, seeing an opportunity to rebel against colonial rule during the throes of the French Revolution. Toussaint at first was uncommitted to the uprising, but, after hesitating a few weeks, he helped his former master escape and then joined the black forces fighting the Europeans. Toussaints comrade  Georges Biassou, who was leading the rebels, became the self-appointed viceroy and named Toussaint general of the royal army-in-exile.  Toussaint taught himself military strategies and organized the Haitians into troops. He also enlisted deserters from the French military  to help train his men. His army included radical whites and mixed-race Haitians as well as blacks, whom he trained in guerrilla warfare. As  Adam Hochschild described in The New York Times, Toussaint used his legendary horsemanship to rush from one corner of the colony to another, cajoling, threatening, making and breaking alliances with a bewildering array of factions and warlords, and commanding his troops in one brilliant assault, feint or ambush after another.  During the uprising he took on the name Louverture, which means the opening, to emphasize his role. The slaves  fought  the British, who wanted control over the crop-rich colony, and French colonizers whod subjected them to bondage. French and British soldiers left journals expressing their surprise that the rebel slaves were so skilled. The rebels also had dealings with agents of the Spanish Empire. Haitians had to confront internal conflicts that sprang from mixed-race islanders, who were known as  gens de couleur, and black insurgents. Victory By 1795 Toussaint was widely renowned, loved by blacks and appreciated by most Europeans and mulattoes because of his efforts to restore the economy. He allowed many planters to return and used military  discipline  to force former slaves to work, a system that was virtually the same as the slavery he had criticized but ensured that the nation had sufficient crops to exchange for military supplies. Historians say he maintained his abolitionist principles while doing what was necessary to keep Haiti secure, intending to free the laborers and let them profit from Haitis achievements. By 1796 Toussaint was the leading political and military figure in the colonies, having made peace with the Europeans. He turned his attention to putting down a domestic rebellion and then set to work bringing the entire island of Hispaniola under his control. He wrote a constitution that gave him the power to be a lifelong leader, much like the European monarchs he despised, and to choose his successor. Death Frances Napoleon objected to Toussaints expansion of his control and sent troops to oppose him. In 1802,  Toussaint was lured into peace talks with one of Napoleon’s generals, resulting in his capture and removal from Haiti to France. His immediate family members, including his wife, were captured as well. Abroad,  Toussaint was isolated and starved in a fortress in the Jura mountains, where he died on April 7, 1803, at Fort-de-Joux, France. His wife lived until 1816. Legacy Despite his capture and death, Toussaints biographers describe him as far savvier than either  Napoleon, who ignored his attempts at diplomacy,  or Thomas  Jefferson, a slave owner who sought to see Toussaint fail by alienating him economically.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"If I were white I would receive only praise,† Toussaint said of how hed been slighted in world politics, â€Å"But I actually deserve even more as a black man.†Ã‚   After his death, Haitian revolutionaries, including Toussaints lieutenant Jean-Jacques Dessalines, continued to fight for independence. They finally won freedom in January 1804, two years after Toussaints death, when Haiti became a sovereign nation. The revolution Toussaint led is said to have been an inspiration to abolitionists such as John Brown, who attempted a violent overthrow of the American system of slavery, and to many Africans who fought for independence for their countries in the mid-20th century. Sources Berman, Paul. â€Å"A Biography Reveals Surprising Sides to Haitis Slave Liberator.†Ã‚  The New York Times.Hochschild, Adam. The Black Napoleon. The New York Times.Harris, Malcolm. Giving Toussaint Louverture the Great Man Treatment. The New Republic.Toussaint LOuverture  Biography. Biography.com.Toussaint Louverture: Haitian Leader. Encyclopaedia Britannica.